Use mathematical representations to describe a simple model for waves that includes how the amplitude of a wave is related to the energy in a wave. The electromagnetic spectrum 1 properties of electromagnetic radiation 3211 the term electromagnetic radiationincludes the entire spectral range from atmospheric radiation at 1023 hz to radio waves at few hz. Electromagnetic wave and properties read physics ck. Possible effects of electromagnetic fields emf on human. Electromagnetic waves physics definition notes pdf download. The wavelength of the radiation of visible spectrum extends from 0. Properties of electromagnetic waves and light reflection. Pdf hereinafter, the usage of the term the photon beam supposes that it concerns the electromagnetic radiation propagating along the fixed direction. If a charged particle interacts with an electromagnetic wave, it experiences a force proportional to the strength of the electric field and thus is forced to change its motion in accordance with the frequency of the electric field wave.
Then we introduce the idealized blackbody, blackbody radiation,and blackbody radiation function, together with the stefanboltzmann law, plancks law, and wiens displacement law. Electromagnetic radiation is commonly referred to as light, em, emr, or electromagnetic waves. But with the development of quantum theory, people like einstein and planck, showed that you also need to treat electromagnetic radiation as a particle or a. Electromagnetic radiation is characterized by a broad range of wavelengths and frequencies, each associated with a specific intensity or amplitude and quantity of energy.
Electromagnetic radiation electromagnetic radiation properties and behaviour. Electromagnetic radiation emr the first requirement for remote sensing is to have an energy source to illuminate the target. It can be described using a sinusoidal wave model, where the properties of the radiation depend on the wavelength, frequency, and other parameters of the wave. We can monitor the changes that occur in the radiation after the interaction, or in this case, wave properties of the electromagnetic radiation is useful. Light light is a form of energy known as electromagnetic radiation. Radiation heat transfer radiation differs from conduction and convection heat t transfer mechanisms, in the sense that it does not require the presence of a material medium to occur. Basic electromagnetic wave properties java tutorial. Produced by nuclear reactions at the core of the sun, this energy streams from the surface of the sun in waves of different lengths. The alpha and beta radiation consist of actual matter that shoots off the atom, while gamma rays are electromagnetic waves. Oct 14, 2010 em radiation is the energy propagated through free space or through a material medium in the form of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves are not deflected by electric or magnetic field. Light travels through the vacuum of space unlike sound. The electromagnetic spectrum 2 properties of electromagnetic radiation 3211 sizes of physical objects. Electromagnetic waves can show interference or diffraction.
Electric and magnetic fields obey the properties of superposition. Chapter 2 the properties of electromagnetic radiation radio jove. Electromagnetic radiation can travel through empty space. Wave model of electromagnetic radiation in the 1860s, james clerk maxwell 18311879 conceptualized electromagnetic radiation emr as an electromagnetic wave that travels through space at the speed of light, c,whichis3x108 meters per second hereafter referred to as m s1 or 186,282. The electromagnetic spectrum 8 cesars booklet table 1. The source that produce them and methods of their detection are different, but they have the following common properties. In this piece of article, we will discuss electromagnetic radiation and its properties.
The electrical characteristics of the electromagnetic field are presented as the characteristic impedance of the free space. Electromagnetic waves physics definition notes pdf download conduction current and displacement current together have the property of continuity. Em radiation is the energy propagated through free space or through a material medium in the form of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic radiation is one of the most important component of remote sensing without which remote sensing is very much difficult.
Information could be encoded in the frequency content, intensity, or polarization of the electromagnetic wave. The electric e g and magnetic h g fields oscillate. Exploitation of electromagnetic radiation properties for medical diagnostic. Chapter 3 electromagnetic radiation flashcards quizlet. The nature and properties of electromagnetic radiation. Possible effects of electromagnetic fields emf on human health 6 executive summary the scientific committee on toxicity, ecotoxicity and the environment cstee presented an opinion on possible effects of electromagnetic fields emf, radio frequency fields rf and microwave radiation on human health in 2001. Thus, emr is sometimes referred to as the far field. It is clear that the visible light is a limited part of the electromagnetic spectrum, properties of light waves are reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction.
The electromagnetic spectrum 3 cesars booklet properties of waves a wave figure 2 is a periodic perturbation from an undisturbed or rest state that is transmitted in space. Electromagnetic radiationlightis a form of energy whose behavior is described by the properties of both waves and particles. Energy transfer by waves wave a traveling disturbance properties of waves wavelength frequency velocity amplitude. Electromagnetic radiation properties and behaviour britannica. The radiation of electromagnetic waves can be explained by the behavior of the electromagnetic field produced by timevarying current. It takes a few inches of solid lead to block gamma rays. Some properties of electromagnetic radiation, such as its refraction when it passes from one medium to another figure \\pageindex1\, are explained best by describing light as a wave. Electromagnetic radiation, in classical physics, the flow of energy at the universal speed of light through free space or through a material medium in the form of the electric and magnetic fields that make up electromagnetic waves such as radio waves, visible light, and gamma rays. Pdf exploitation of electromagnetic radiation properties. The speed of electromagnetic waves, their wavelengths and frequencies and how to calculate wavelength or wave frequency.
Electromagnetic waves travel with a constant velocity of 3 x 108 ms1 in vacuum. When atoms decay, they emit three types of radiation, alpha, beta and gamma. Thus, a field due to any particular particle or timevarying electric or magnetic field contributes to the fields present in the same space due to other causes. Laser or optical tweezers is an exciting new technique that allows manipulation of microscopic structures or of. When electromagnetic radiation occurs, the electron radiations are released as photons. Em waves are energy transported through space in the form of periodic disturbances.
Properties of electromagnetic radiation electromagnetic radiation is the type of energy that encompasses light, heat, and xrays. For example, sound waves need either a gas, solid, or liquid to pass through in order to. You will also understanding electromagnetic radiation properties and different laws that characterize electromagnetic radiation. This chapter describes the origins and properties of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation wave nature, properties and formula. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Properties of electromagnetic radiation emitted by an electron diffracted in a single crystal. Properties of electromagnetic radiation flashcards quizlet. Possible effects of electromagnetic fields emf on human health.
As it travels through space it behaves like a wave, and has an oscillating electric field component and an oscillating magnetic field. Electromagnetic radiationlightis a form of energy whose behavior is described by the proper ties of both waves and particles. The information is propagated by electromagnetic radi. Start studying properties of electromagnetic radiation.
The next four chapters discuss various aspects of optics, the science of light. Electromagnetic radiation an overview sciencedirect topics. Type of radiation temperature typical sources gammarays 108 k matter falling into black holes xrays 106108 k gas in clusters of galaxies supernova remnants stellar coronae. Gamma radiation releases the most energy, followed by beta and then alpha. Examples of astronomical sources emitting in each range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic waves and their properties boundless physics. Electromagnetic radiation properties and behaviour. Electromagnetic induction waves interference of waves. Properties of electromagnetic radiation emitted by an. Each field has energy that comes from a power g enerator. Then based on the wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum, the energy is grouped into different categories. Pdf basics of electromagnetic radiation researchgate. Now let us learn the properties of different radiations.
Examples include radio waves, infrared radiation, visible light. The dual wave and particle nature of electromagnetic radiation is described. Start studying chapter 3 electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation is associated with those em waves that are free to propagate themselves radiate without the continuing influence of the moving charges that produced them, because they have achieved sufficient distance from those charges. Pdf basic characteristics of electromagnetic radiation. Some properties of electromagnetic radiation, such as its refraction when it passes from one medium to another figure 10. There is a spectrum of electromagnetic radiation with variable wavelengths and frequency, which in turn imparts different characteristics. Most other types of waves must travel through some sort of substance. Lannunziata, in radioactivity second edition, 2016. The electromagnetic spectrum there are many kinds of energy in the universe. Electromagnetic radiation is a phenomenon that takes the form of selfpropagating energy waves as it travels through space vacuum or matter. Electromagnetic waves are propagated by oscillating electric and magnetic fields oscillating at right angles to each other. Wave properties of electromagnetic radiation two options are available for analytical utility when an analyte interacts with a beam of electromagnetic radiation in an instrument 1. Frequency is defined as the number of waves that pass through a given point in one second.
Jan 12, 2019 you will also understanding electromagnetic radiation properties and different laws that characterize electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation, is a form of energy emitted by moving charged particles. We start this chapter with a discussion of electromagnetic waves and the electromagnetic spectrum, with particular emphasis on thermal radiation. Radiation can be thought of as a traveling transverse wave. However, at very short wavelengths, it fails to account for certain significant phenomena that occur when the wave interacts with matter. Electromagnetic radiation can be defined as a form of energy that is produced by the. The waves propagate through a vacuum at the speed of light. Additionally, a special property of em radiation is that it displays a fixed speed in vacuum, c, and fixed velocities in. These are bundles of light energy or quantized harmonic waves which travel at the speed of light. Electromagnetic radiation is selfsustaining energy with electric and magnetic field components. Scattering is a process that does not remove energy from the radiation field, but may redirect it.
We deal with both normal and nonnormal angles of incidence. They are transverse electromagnetic waves particle. Em radiation or electromagnetic radiation is an energy form that is present all around us and takes various forms like microwaves, radio waves, gamma rays, xrays, etc. Wave properties and electromagnetic radiation wave amplitude msps41. The energy given off from the sun is radiant energy, scientifically called electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy that propagates as both electrical and magnetic waves traveling in packets of energy called photons. Some other forms of electromagnetic radiation are xrays, microwaves, infrared radiation, am and fm radio waves, and ultraviolet radiation. This energy for remote sensing instruments is in the form of electromagnetic radiation emr. This interactive tutorial explores the relationship between frequency, wavelength, and energy, and enables the visitor. Right, so lets, we talked about the wave properties of electromagnetic radiation. Here we first introduce electromagnetic waves and some of their properties including their structure, energy, and momentum. For example, sound waves need either a gas, solid, or liquid to pass through in order to be heard. The oscillations of the electric and magnetic field components are perpendicular to each. Mathematically it is equal to the reciprocal of the time period of electromagnetic radiation.
Electromagnetic radiation radiant energy that exhibits wavelengthlike behavior and travels through space at the speed of light in a vacuum. The electromagnetic spectrum is the complete spectrum or continuum of all forms of light an electromagnetic wave consists of electric and magnetic fields which vibrate thus making waves. Wave propertieselectromagnetic radiation lincoln 8th. Electromagnetic radiation properties and laws just btech. Chapter maxwells equations and electromagnetic waves. Swapan kumar haldar, in mineral exploration second edition, 2018. Remote sensing is concerned with the measurement of emr returned. Electrodynamics is the physics of electromagnetic radiation, and electromagnetism is the physical phenomenon associated with the theory of electrodynamics.
General properties of all electromagnetic radiation. But as i say, until the 1920s, people thought that that was the way you treated electromagnetic radiation. Scattering can be thought of as absorption of radiative energy followed by re emission back to the electromagnetic field with negligible conversion of energy. The electromagnetic radiation is characterized based on various properties like frequency, wavelength, time period etc.